USER AUTHENTICATION

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Authentication is one of the stages of granting access to IT resources. Performed after successful identification and preceding authorization, authentication is the process of verifying the authenticity of the identifier presented by the user. In other words, during the authentication process, the user and the authenticator presented by him are checked.

The unique information provided by the user to the system during authentication is called an authentication factor. Depending on the means used to verify the user's authenticity, authentication factors are divided into several categories:

user knowledge - data that only the user should know (password, card or token PIN code, etc.).
User-owned device - a device with unique parameters that only the user has ( token, smart card , one-time password generator). Using additional devices makes the authentication process more secure than password access, since it is much more difficult for an intruder to gain access to the device than to "hack" the password.
user biometric parameters - characteristics that are a physical feature of the user: fingerprint, palm vein pattern, voice, retina. Biometric authentication  does not require the user to remember passwords or have an authentication device, and also eliminates the possibility of transmitting authentication data to another person.
Authentication using each of these factors has its advantages and disadvantages. However, the disadvantages of individual factors are easily eliminated by using a combination of several authentication parameters. In this case, we speak of multi-factor authentication .

Obviously, the more factors used for authentication, the more reliable it is. In practice, the most common is the use of two factors (the so-called two-factor authentication).

Depending on the type of authentication data, various authentication technologies are distinguished: password authentication, biometric authentication, authentication by key carrier, etc.


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